The three main producers of soy in the world are, in the following order: the U.S., Brazil, and Argentina. However, soybeans were essential to Asian cultures for hundreds of years before Western cultivation began, and today China falls just outside of the top three producers into the number four slot. Farmers enjoy the benefits of planting soybean because it clears the field for other food crops and naturally fixes the nitrogen levels in the soil that otherwise inhibit the growth of some plants. In the U.S., soybean was not even used as a food product until after the 1920s, before which it was largely considered exclusively an industrial product.
| Soybean Futures Contract Specifications | |
| Contract Size | 5,000 bushels (~136 metric tons) |
| Price Quotation | Cents per bushel |
| Grade And Quality | #2 Yellow at contract price #1 Yellow at a 6 cent/bushel premium #3 Yellow at a 6 cent/bushel discount |
| Trading Hours | Sunday – Friday 7:00 p.m. – 7:45 a.m. CT and |
| Monday – Friday 8:30 a.m. – 1:20 p.m. CT | |
| Minimum Price Fluctuation | 1/4 of one cent per bushel ($12.50 per contract) |
| Product Code | CME Globex: ZS |
| CME ClearPort: S | |
| Clearing: S | |
| TAS: SBT | |
| Listed Contracts | January (F), March (H), May (K), July (N), August (Q), September (U) & November (X) |
| Settlement Method | Deliverable |
| Last Trade Date | The business day prior to the 15th calendar day of the contract month. |
| Last Delivery Date | Seventh business day following the last trading day of the month. |
| Settlement Procedures | Soybean Futures Settlement Procedures |
| Exchange Rules | These contracts are listed with, and subject to, the rules and regulations of CBOT. |
| Source: CME Group | |
Soybean Facts
Soybeans are of one of the most active and popular markets to trade, and dominant oilseed in the U.S. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. is the leading producer and exporter of soybeans, mainly exporting to China, EU, Japan, Mexico and Taiwan. Soybeans account for 90% of all oilseed production in the U.S. accounting for 44% of the world’s Soybean export in 2010 and 35% of the world’s Soybean production in 2010.
After corn, soybeans are the most planted crop with over 77.5 million acres planted every year, 80% of which are grown in the Upper Midwest. Soybeans are typically grown in a crop rotation with corn. Soybean planting season takes place in late Spring and then are harvested in early Autumn. They were also among the first crops to be bioengineered and receive commercial success, especially since most are resistant to herbicides. Soybeans make up the largest portion of biotech crops grown in the U.S.
Soybeans have two main byproducts — soybean meal and soybean oil. Soybean meal is a flour made by grinding the solid residue of soybean oil production and is primarily used for animal feed due to its high protein content. Soybean oil is a “vegetable oil” that is extracted by crushing soybeans. It is mainly used as cooking but is also used in an extensive list of food products. Soybean oil has also grown in popularity due to the introduction of Biodiesel.
Last updated October 2015
Additional Info
Recent Posts on Soybeans
- Turner’s Take Podcast: Selling Continues As Coronavirus Spreads (2/26/2020) - Coronavirus continues to pressure the markets lower. We are looking at the energy markets for signs of a bottom.
- The Swine Times 2/25 (2/25/2020) - Sell 2 April buy 1 August. Markets are up this morning in April. We think this is just a dead cat bounce and we probably need to take some risk off the front of the curve.
- Turner’s Take Podcast: Ag Forum Acreage Estimates 94mm Corn and 85mm Soybeans (2/20/2020) - We go over the recent moves in the macro markets and the latest from the 2002 Ag Forum