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The Collar: The Bread and Butter Option Strategy for Hedgers

November 21, 2011 by John Payne| Tips & Strategies

Many believe that we are in a golden age of farming in this country. Since the summer of 2006, we have seen grain prices move in a big range, both up and down. These price fluctuations combined with below trend yields, new markets (such as China) becoming more willing buyers, and other policy factors have resulted in farmland selling for increasingly higher prices. After years of battling low prices, the people involved in the farming business feel like they are finally catching a break and beginning to win. Even famous venture capitalist Jim Rogers has become a prophet, touting the virtues of farm products. “If you want to get rich, don’t go into investment banking. Instead, become a farmer.”

However, this boom has drawn a couple of unwanted side effects. Higher input costs and wild volatility in the markets have replaced perennial fear of selling 2.00 corn that farmers are used to. Producers and individuals who have interest in grain prices need to be as nimble as ever to not only lock in these high prices, but also allow them to move higher to match the increasing costs of their inputs. Yet, the most prudent farmers won’t assume these high prices are here to stay. Option strategies like the collar will help protect them from the downside and hopefully keep them in the business for years to come.

WHEN INVESTING IN THE PURCHASING OF OPTIONS, YOU MAY LOSE ALL OF THE MONEY YOU INVESTED.

WHEN SELLING OPTIONS, YOU MAY LOSE MORE THAN THE FUNDS YOU INVESTED.


A bear collar is an option position that consists of buying a call and selling a put at different strikes simultaneously. This strategy can help protect producers or long term holders of any commodity from the price falling for a certain amount of time. Most often, the goal of entering into a collar option strategy for hedging purposes is to offset the cost of the premium for the put that you are purchasing by selling a call. If an investor or producer is able to completely offset the premium from the option that is purchased, the collar is referred to as a costless collar, leaving the participant with an insurance position that is free of an upfront cash investment (margin would still be applied).

Let’s look at a live example:

Bill is a corn farmer on a tiny farm in Iowa. At the end of this crop year, he yielded 5000 bushels of corn. He decides to store the bushels on his farm with hopes that he can sell them for higher prices. He believes that over the next 3 months, he will see corn appreciate after the post-harvest price pressures subside. Because he decided against selling the harvested corn after getting it out of the ground, he is long corn (makes money as corn prices go up, loses when they fall). Bill wants to make sure he has some insurance in case the price will move lower but wants to employ a strategy that will not require a large upfront cost. The collar is a fit for him in this situation.

As of right now, Corn for March delivery is trading for 6.35. Bill wants to make sure he is insured below 6.00, so he will look to buy the 6.00 put for 20 cents, or $1000 dollars. This option will provide him protection for the next 100 days. However, Bill doesn’t want to spend $1000 on the put out-of-pocket so he will look to sell a March Corn call at some price over the market. Because Bill will sell a call, he can take the premium received from that call and use it to pay for the price of the put. Bill will call his Daniels Trading broker as a start to look for a call to sell. After evaluating the situation with his broker, Bill decides to sell a 7.00 call on the March Corn contract. He feels that selling his 5000 bushels of corn at 7.00 would satisfy his goals that he set at the beginning of the growing season. Bill looks to the market and decides that he will accept the 7.00 call price of 19 cents ($1950). He will take the 19 cents received from the 7.00 call and apply it toward the put he bought at 6.00 for 20 cents. Should the price of corn in 100 days be above 6.00 and below 7.00, the collar he has will expire worthless and will be out only 1 cent, or $50 plus fees. Should the market expire below 6.00, Bill will be insured due to the ownership of the 6.00 put. If the market for corn expires over 7.00, Bill will be required to deliver 5000 bushels of corn at a price of 7.00 (or simply exit the short call with a loss, offsetting any gains over 7.00).

By setting up the collar, a producer forgoes any profit should the corn price appreciate beyond the strike price of the call written. In return, however, maximum downside protection is in place. This kind of trade can be applied to any position that will be held for a medium to long period of time, such as stocks or bond holdings along with any producer of any good that trades on an exchange.

For more information on how a collar can help you, contact a Daniels Trading broker at 1.800.800.3840.

Filed Under: Tips & Strategies

About John Payne

John Payne is a Senior Futures & Options Broker and Market Strategist with Daniels Trading. He is the publisher of the grain focused newsletter called This Week in Grain, along with being a co-editor of Andy Daniels’s newsletter, Grain Analyst. He has been working as a series 3 registered broker since 2008.

John graduated from the University of Iowa with a degree in economics. After school, John embarked on a 4 year career with the United States Navy. It was during two tours in Iraq and the Persian Gulf where John realized how important commodities are to the survival of society as we know it. It was this understanding that brought about John’s curiosity in commodities. Upon his honorable discharge in 2007, John’s intense interest in the world of commodities inspired him to move to Chicago and pursue his passion in a career in the futures arena.

After a three year position with a managed futures firm specialized in livestock trading, he was given the opportunity to join the team at Daniels Trading. Being in the business and seeing how other IB’s operated, it was the integrity and straightforward approach of the Daniels management team and brokers that attracted him to make the move. Since joining Daniels, John has broadened his fundamental and technical analysis of the markets even further. John has been writing his newsletter This Week in Grain under the Daniels banner since 2011.

Working in high pressure industries like the military and capital markets, John has learned the value of preparation in times of stress. He believes that instilling within his clients the value of a good plan and a cool head for dealing with the day to day swings of commodity markets. He treats every client as a teammate, understanding that his job is to help clients achieve their goals, whatever they may be.

John is a proud supporter of the Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, the Veterans of Foreign Wars and the National Corn Growers Association. When he is not working, he enjoys athletics of all kinds and spending time with his wife and their two kids.

John’s commentary is featured in the following publications:

* All Ag Radio – Sirius Channel 80
* AM 880 KRVN – Lexington, Nebraska
* RFD TV
* Wall Street Journal
* Barron’s
* China News Daily (English version)

Risk Disclosure

The StoneX Group Inc. group of companies provides financial services worldwide through its subsidiaries, including physical commodities, securities, exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivatives, risk management, global payments and foreign exchange products in accordance with applicable law in the jurisdictions where services are provided. References to over-the-counter (“OTC”) products or swaps are made on behalf of StoneX Markets LLC (“SXM”), a member of the National Futures Association (“NFA”) and provisionally registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a swap dealer. SXM’s products are designed only for individuals or firms who qualify under CFTC rules as an ‘Eligible Contract Participant’ (“ECP”) and who have been accepted as customers of SXM. StoneX Financial Inc. (“SFI”) is a member of FINRA/NFA/SIPC and registered with the MSRB. SFI does business as Daniels Trading/Top Third/Futures Online. SFI is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as a Broker-Dealer and with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant and Commodity Trading Adviser. References to securities trading are made on behalf of the BD Division of SFI and are intended only for an audience of institutional clients as defined by FINRA Rule 4512(c). References to exchange-traded futures and options are made on behalf of the FCM Division of SFI.

Trading swaps and over-the-counter derivatives, exchange-traded derivatives and options and securities involves substantial risk and is not suitable for all investors. The information herein is not a recommendation to trade nor investment research or an offer to buy or sell any derivative or security. It does not take into account your particular investment objectives, financial situation or needs and does not create a binding obligation on any of the StoneX group of companies to enter into any transaction with you. You are advised to perform an independent investigation of any transaction to determine whether any transaction is suitable for you. No part of this material may be copied, photocopied or duplicated in any form by any means or redistributed without the prior written consent of StoneX Group Inc.

© 2023 StoneX Group Inc. All Rights Reserved

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Risk Disclosure

The StoneX Group Inc. group of companies provides financial services worldwide through its subsidiaries, including physical commodities, securities, exchange-traded and over-the-counter derivatives, risk management, global payments and foreign exchange products in accordance with applicable law in the jurisdictions where services are provided. References to over-the-counter (“OTC”) products or swaps are made on behalf of StoneX Markets LLC (“SXM”), a member of the National Futures Association (“NFA”) and provisionally registered with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) as a swap dealer. SXM’s products are designed only for individuals or firms who qualify under CFTC rules as an ‘Eligible Contract Participant’ (“ECP”) and who have been accepted as customers of SXM. StoneX Financial Inc. (“SFI”) is a member of FINRA/NFA/SIPC and registered with the MSRB. SFI does business as Daniels Trading/Top Third/Futures Online. SFI is registered with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as a Broker-Dealer and with the CFTC as a Futures Commission Merchant and Commodity Trading Adviser. References to securities trading are made on behalf of the BD Division of SFI and are intended only for an audience of institutional clients as defined by FINRA Rule 4512(c). References to exchange-traded futures and options are made on behalf of the FCM Division of SFI.

Trading swaps and over-the-counter derivatives, exchange-traded derivatives and options and securities involves substantial risk and is not suitable for all investors. The information herein is not a recommendation to trade nor investment research or an offer to buy or sell any derivative or security. It does not take into account your particular investment objectives, financial situation or needs and does not create a binding obligation on any of the StoneX group of companies to enter into any transaction with you. You are advised to perform an independent investigation of any transaction to determine whether any transaction is suitable for you. No part of this material may be copied, photocopied or duplicated in any form by any means or redistributed without the prior written consent of StoneX Group Inc.

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